Much of my other research traces intellectual and institutional lineages that link literature to subsequent cultural formations. My book Sentimental Masculinity and the Rise of History, 1790-1890 (Cambridge, 2009) charts how History initially defined itself as a discipline in opposition to Scott’s historical novels and their emphasis on forging affective relations to the past. The book’s epilogue, and its elaboration in the later essay “The Walter Scott Experience,” examine the ongoing (if unwitting) hold of Scott’s novels’ over living history museums’ and reenactors’ narrative imagination of American history. Gustave Flaubert’s afterlife in modern French philosophy and postmodern British literature are the focus of the article “Knowing Seizures,” which reads Julian Barnes’s novel Flaubert’s Parrot (1984) as an effort, via Flaubert and Sartre, to expose sadomasochistic tendencies at the heart of postmodern resistance to truth. I am currently working on a book chapter on the afterlife of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein in the Showtime series Penny Dreadful, and a separate article on the disturbing afterlife of Mel Gibson’s revenge film Braveheart among right-wing fringe groups in the United States.